Public health programmes in india pdf

The Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare is instrumental and responsible for implementation of various programmes on a national scale in the areas of health, prevention and control of major communicable diseases and promotion of traditional and indigenous systems of medicines. Here we are giving the list of National health programmes in India for general awareness.

Primary prevention of cancers by health education regarding hazards of tobacco consumption and necessity of genital hygiene for prevention of cervical cancer, etc. To ensure availability and accessibility of minimum mental health care for all in the foreseeable future, particularly to the most vulnerable and underprivileged sections of population. To achieve self-sufficiency in vaccine production and the manufacture of cold-chain equipment for storage purpose, etc.

Preventing the initiation of smoking among young people, educating, motivating and assisting smokers to quit smoking, etc. National Cancer Control Programme 6. National Mental Health Programme 7. National Tobacco Control Program Mid-day meal program Ministry of Rural Development 4. Reduce TFR to 2. Prevention and reduction of anaemia in women aged 15—49 years 5. Reduce household out-of-pocket expenditure on total health care expenditure 7.

Reduce annual incidence and mortality from Tuberculosis by half 8. The Eighth Five Year Plan laid focus on the health for underprivileged but with selective healthcare approach.

However, the ninth plan refers back to Bhore Committee and other significant recommendations and came up with innovative strategies such as evolving state-specific strategies, integration of medical education and health, provision of PHC in slums, horizontal and vertical integration of programmes and improvement of disease surveillance. It also asserted the need for new Health Policy. Despite novel solutions and ideas, the plan failed at ground level.

On the eve of the tenth plan, the draft of NHP was announced and called for feedbacks from the public. Finally in , NHP document was released with the objective of achieving acceptable standards of good health of Indian population, decentralization, equity, accessibility of health services and provision of affordable private health care Duggal The role of traditional medicines was also acknowledged by this policy.

The Twelfth Five Year Plan was prepared after the consultation of public. It called for Universal Health Coverage through Essential Health Package and to assess the social determinants of health.

Major thrust areas were reducing out of pocket expenditure OOP , ensuring accessibility of vaccines, medicines and technology, increasing staff, AYUSH Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy doctors, disaster management areas, nutrition promotion, improve sanitation and provide safe drinking water facilities Planning Commission a , b.

The National Health Policy came after 14 years gap and therefore the context of health changed in many ways. The growing number of non-communicable diseases and infectious diseases; rise of private sector; increased expenditure on health and rising economic growth enabling enhanced fiscal capacity have shaped the policy Gupta and Kumari There is shift from sick-care to wellness and wellbeing of individuals. The Make in India model governs the manufacturing of drugs and devices.

AYUSH is given special emphasis, especially yoga. While the policy is a comprehensive document, it is yet to be seen whether the targets are achieved or not Planning Commission a , b ; Government of India a , b. Other than the NHPs, many other policies were announced from time to time that are closely linked with improving the health status of people. Under the purview of policies, many programmes for communicable and non-communicable diseases were launched listed in Tables 8.

The relevant constitutional provisions are stated as following Gupta ; Government of India :. Article 21 guarantees the fundamental right to life that casts an obligation upon the State to preserve the life of every person by offering immediate medical aid. Article 32 empowers every citizen of India to move the courts for violation of fundamental rights. Article 38 enjoins upon the state to minimize the inequalities in income, facilities including health facilities and opportunities.

Article 41 is about the provision of public assistance in case of old age, sickness and disability. Article 42 is about provision of just and humane conditions of work and maternity benefits.

As per the 7th schedule of the constitution, provision of health care is the responsibility of the State governments but the central government also plays a vital role in supporting the access to quality health.

Article pertains to scheme of distribution of legislative powers between centre and states as given in the 7th schedule of the constitution among Union, State and Concurrent list. Article G is inserted as the 73rd amendment of the constitution to endow the Panchayats with various powers including matters related to drinking water, health, sanitation, PHCs, family welfare, women and child development and welfare of the handicapped and mentally retarded. Article W , added by the 74th amendment in , pertains to the powers given to Municipalities to perform the functions entrusted with them regarding water supply, public health, sanitation and solid waste management, vital statistics registration, regulation of slaughterhouses and tanneries.

Article provides for the formation of inter-state council for investigating subjects in which states and centre have common interest and recommending the action for better co-ordination. The government passes various acts and laws to promote healthy lives for all. These acts pertain to medical profession and education, nursing profession and education, pharmacists and pharmacy education, dental profession and education, mental health, drugs standards, advertisements relating to drugs and medicines, prevention of the extension from one State to another of infectious or contagious diseases affecting human beings and prevention of adulteration of foodstuffs and drugs.

The Supreme Court is the original, appellate and advisory body for jurisdiction in India. In addition, Article 32 of the Constitution gives an extensive original jurisdiction to the Supreme Court in regard to enforcement of Fundamental Rights.

The High Court is the highest body at state level. It has the power to issue jurisdiction directions, orders, or writs to any person within its state. They help resolve the dispute through conciliatory method. The Cigarettes and other Tobacco Products Prohibition of trade, commerce, production, supply and distribution Act, For the protection of workers and their families a number of acts have been passed. Environmental legislations are very important to ensure good health and wellbeing.

Government of India has made provisions for voluntary groups to work in social, educational, environmental, and health domains through acts such as The Societies Registration Act, and The Red Cross Society Allocation of Property Act, Recently in , The Clinical Establishments Registration and Regulation Act was introduced which aims at providing registration and regulation of clinical establishments in the country with a view to prescribing the minimum standards of facilities and services for them.

In , pictorial health warnings on cigarettes and other tobacco products have come to effect Government of India Since good health and wellbeing have overlapped with various other dimensions, many ministries together have to work for the promotion of healthcare facilities.

Various ministries that directly or indirectly contribute towards good health of the Indian population. Of the total 58 ministries, the following 26 are related to provision of healthcare services and promotion of good health.

There has been a significant role of international treaties and declarations on the course of direction of the health policies of India. Notably, when the international scenario was focused on curing the communicable diseases, India too planned accordingly.

Later, when the holistic definition of health was released by WHO, the perspectives on health widened. It can be undoubtedly said that India has aligned itself with the global needs and concerns. Some important landmarks in health sector at the international level are as follows:. It is the first international declaration and hence an important landmark.

International Conference on Population and Development ICPD Cairo, The International Conference on Population and Development was organized by the United Nations to discuss various issues related to population such as immigration, infant mortality, birth control, family planning, education of women and protection for women from unsafe abortion services.

Phase four The new public health movement goes beyond the understanding of human biology and recognizes the importance of social and psychological aspects as determinants of health and well-being. The therapeutic era is being challenged; with most countries experiencing a crisis in health care costs, due to limitless demand and demographic changes.

The new public health movement Shifts responsibility for health from the individual back to the social, and the individual and acknowledges the wider determinants of health see next slide Can have a mixed workforce including staff from statutory and non-statutory organizations, local residents, voluntary organizations and local pressure groups Engages with state set targets.

The wider determinants of health Dahlgren G. Judge K. Closing the gap in a generation: Health equity through action on the social determinants of health Final report of the commission Sept History of public health in india History of Public Health in Indian can be traced back to pre medieval times.

Concerns in the health development and public health dates back to the Indus Civilization. One finds evidence of well developed environmental sanitation program in the cities of that time such as underground drains, public baths etc. First concrete evidence of public health is available from the Ashoka Period when hospitals were set up for sick people.

India was invaded by Aryans around 1, BC. It is during this period, the Ayurveda and the Siddha systems of medicine came into existence Ayurveda or the science of life developed a comprehensive concept of health. Also emphasized the unity of physical, mental, and spiritual aspects of life. Changes in political system, medical education and services became static Ancient universities and hospitals disaapeared. Public Health in British India British established their rule in India royal commission appointed to investigate causes of unsatisfactory health in British army in India sanitary commissioners appointed in Bombay ,Madras and Bengal public health commissioner and statistical officer appointed with GOI.

Of India sanctioned the appointment of Deputy Sanitary commissioners and Health officers. Public Health in British India first step towards decentralization of health administration The MontagueChelmsford Reforms led to the transfer of Public Health, Sanitation and vital statistics to the provinces under the control of an elected minister The all India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, Calcutta was established with aid from Rockefeller Foundation Child Marriage restraint act Maternity and Child welfare Bureau established under Indian Red Cross Society.

Bhore committee submitted its report in Health of nation reviewed under 1. Public health 2. Medical relief 3. Professional education 4. Medical research 5. International health. Bhore committees report became basis for planning and measures adopted by GOI. Employees state insurance act and report on environmental hygiene committee was published constitution of India adopted 26 Nov.

BCG Vaccination programme launched National malaria control programe. Hindu marriage act 18 yrs for boys and 15 yrs for girls. Second five yr plan Rs. Second five yr plan National TB survey completed Mudliar committee to survey the progress made in field of health since submission of bhore committees report Central expert committee under ICMR to study problems of Cholera and Smallpox Rajasthan first state to introduce Panchayati Raj.

Pilot project for eradication of smallpox was initiated. Vital statistics transferred to Registrar general of India , ministry of home affairs, from the Directorate General Health Services. Third five yr plan Rs. National goitre control programme was launched Chaddha committee established a norm of one basic health worker for every 10, population Applied nutrition programme was launched Emphasis on family planning Shantilal shah committee to study the question for legalizing abortions Fourth five yr plan to Allocation of crores to health and crores to Family planning Report of medical education committee was submitted Drug price control order, was promugulated.

Registration of birth and death act came into force in Family pension scheme for industrial workers came into force MTP Act came into force on April 1, Fifth five yr plan to crores to health and crores to family planning 5 July India becomes free of smallpox ICDS was launched on october 2 The cigarettes regulation Act was passed.

Shrivastav committee submitted report on medical education and support manpower National programme for prevention of blindness. Fifth five yr plan Bill on air pollution introduced Child marriage act amendment: boys 21yrs and girls 18 yrs Declaration of Alma Ata PHC approach Regional office for health and family welfare came into existence.

Eighth five yr plan to Child survival and safe motherhood prog. Legislation on transplantation of human organs enacted Pulse polio immunization , largest single day public health event on 9th Dec and 20th Jan RCH programme was launched. National family health survey-2 undertaken Signatory to UN millennium declaration first census of century National policy for empowerment of women National health policy announced.

Tenth five yr plan to Emergence of SARS Parliament approves prohibition, regulation of trade and commerce of cigarettes and other tobacco Vandematram scheme Mid day meal scheme National prog for prevention of vector borne diseases. Integrated disease surveillance project launched National guidelines for infant and young child feeding formulated in aug,